Soap preparation



Patented Oct. 1, 1929 UNITED STATES was? PATENT OFFICE FRITZ G'fi'NTHER AND JOSEPH Nfi'SSLEIN, OF I/(J'DUIGS'IEICAIEIE'IN-ON-'.I.HIE-331N151, GER- MANY, ASSIGNORS TO I. G. FARBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF FRANK- FORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY SOAP PREPARATION No prawing. .Application filed May 29, 1926, Serial No. 112,675," and in Germany June 2, 1925.

It is known that soaps (which term is hereinafter-used in a broad sense including soft soaps, grain soaps', resin soaps, sulfonated caster oil or the salts thereof suchas Turkey red oil and the like) cannot be employed in I occurs and that accordingly the soaps are rendered useful therein, provided the soaps or the baths contain aromatic sulfonic acids possessing av high wetting power. As examples of such aromatic sulfonic acids we mention sulfonic acids of aromatic compounds containing hydrocarbon residues in their molecule, such as may be obtained for example by condensing aromatic sulfonic acids with aliphatic, hydroaromatic or aromatic-aliphatic alcohols, such as isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohols, cyclo-hexanol, benzylalcohol and-the like. The side chains may s employed in the state of free acids or of salts.-

For example, soap may be employed in the process of dyeing in an acid bath by adding an aromatic sulfonic acid possessing a high wetting power, and very even dyeings are thereby obtained; it is possible to use even such dyestuffs which'hitherto could only find restricted use on account of their small capability of producing even dyeings; further, the goods are penetrated with the color more thoroughly than without the said additions, the fastuess to rubbing is increased and the time necessary for dyeing is diminished. Further, by our present invention wool fibre is protected from being damaged by alkalis as it can be washed and fulled in an acid bath,

whereby often also a better result is obtained than with the methods heretofore'employed.

The sulfonic acid of the character described or a salt thereof may be added to the bath contaln ng a soap such as dyeing baths, carbonizatlon baths, i. e. baths containing sulfuric acid in a strength of from 2 to 4 Baum, fullin baths, washing or bleaching baths and the hke, or mixtures of soaps with the sulfonic acids or their salts may be prepared beforehand. The said soaps may be neutral, alkaline or superfatted, and they may be employed in solution, or in the form of a paste or in the solid form. These prepa'rations have the advantage of being easily stored or shipped and can be applied in a very simple manner. They possess the desirable properties of both the soaps and the sulfonic aclds, and are especially stable against acid and hard or salt water. They produce agood lather with aqueous solutions containing acids or calcium or magnesium salts or similar obnoxious components such as produce precipitations with soaps, and thus counteract their effect and are capable of easily wetting. They can be employed for example for washing and cleaning purposes with water containing calcium or other salts or as an addition to dyeing baths containing acids or obnoxious salts. They are also very suitable for use with sea-water.

The said mixtures can be prepared in any desired manner, for example by heating a soap until it has entirely melted, and mixing the melt with the sulfonic acid or its salt or with a concentrated solution thereof or by kneading the soap with the dry salt and pressing the mixture tocakes or by mixing both in a powdery state or by adding the sulfonic acid during the saponification process. A mixture which is very suitable for most purposes consists for example of 80 parts of ordinary soap and 20 parts of a sulfonic acid of the character mentioned or a salt thereof. 1. ca e of water containing nly small quanpurifying agents as for example borax, al-- kali metal silicatesor organic solvents such as glycerol, benzine, alcohols, cycloh'exanol and the like.

In some cases, it is advantageous to employ the soap and sulfonic acid in conjunction with sulfite cellulose waste liquor which may be added to the bath or incorporated to the preparation of soap and sulfonic acid.

The following examples will further illustrate how our present invention may be carried out in practice, but the invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 A dye-bath is prepared containing for 100 kilograms of woollen cloth. 0.5 per cent of fast yellow G for W001, 0.25-per cent of supramine red B and 0 2 per cent of anthra quinone blue SR extra and, in each litre, 2 grammes of soap and 2 grammes of isopro yl ated naphthalene sulfonic acid. The 0 0th is dyed in the usual manner after adding 3 per cent of sulfuric acid to the bath. The wool is wetted very rapidly and the dyleing is easily finished in the course of one our. A dyeing is produced which fulfills all requirements as to evenness, fastness to rubbing and penetration with color.

The bath may also contain sulfite cellulose waste liquor.

Example? 50 kilograms of woollen cloth are fulledwith a soap solution containing 100 grams of a neutral soap and 45 grams of isopropylated naphthalene sulfonic acid per litre. The cloth so treated is excellently fulled without any damage being done to the fibre. When alkaline soaps are employed, the soap solutions are first to be neutralized in any suitable manner, and such neutralization may also be ef- 50 kilograms of soap'are melted or kneaded in the cold with 50 kilograms of butylated naphthalene sulfonic acid'sodium salt and 20. kilograms of concentrated sulfite cellulose waste'liquor. Water may be added in sufficient quantities, if necessary, to allow of a uniform mixing. The'prod'uct so obtained may be used for the Washing and fulling of goods containing acids even in hard water without any fatty acid or salts thereof being precipitated.

'7 Example 4 10 kilograms of dry soap are intimately mixed-with 25 kilograms of the sodium salt of isopropylated naphthalene sulfonic acid.

1 or 2-grams of this mixture dissolved in five I times the weight of water are added to each litre of a carbonizing bath. In spite of the carbonization process the goods remain elastie and supple by reason of their taking up fatty acids.

The mixture of soap and the sulfonic acid salt may also be mixed with solvents, for example with 5 kilograms of ethylene glycol mono-ethyl-ether, whereby the solubility of the soap 1n the acid bath is increased.

Instead of the sodium salt of isopropylated naphthalene sulfonic acid, the salts of butylated naphthalene sulfonic acids may be employed.

Example 5 100 kilograms of crude wool (wool in the grease) are treated with an acid washing bath-containing in each litre about 6 grams of grain soap, 10 grams of butyl-naphthalene-sulfonic acid and 4 grams of sodium bisulfit'e. The wool is treated at temperature of about 20 to 35 C. for about half an hour. It is excellently washed and degreased and at the same time it is bleached to a beautiful white by the action of the bisulfite. In order to increase the efficiency, washing may also be carried out for example at about 50 to 90 (3., for example in nearly boiling baths.

Instead of grain soap, about the same quantity of resln soap and, instead of butylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid, other aromatic sulfonic acids of-high wetting power,-"for example di-butyl-aniline sulfonic acid, condensation products of cresol-sulfonic acid with formaldehyde, the sulfonation products of the residues obtained by the distillation of 1. The process of treating articles with soaps which consists in employing a bath containing soap and an aromatic sulfonic acid containing hydrocarbon residues possessing a high wetting power.

2. The process of treating articles with soaps which consists in employing a bath containing a soap and a naphthalene sulfonic acid containing alkyl groups with at least 3 carbon atoms.

3. The process of treating articles with soaps which consists in employing a bath containing a soap, an aromatic sulfonic acid containing hydrocarbon residues of high wetting power and sulfite cellulose waste liquor.

4. A soap preparation comprising a soap and an aromatic sulfonic acid containing hydrocarbon residues possessing a high wetting power.

5. A soap preparation comprising a soap and a naphthalene sulfonic acid containing alkyl groups with at least 3 carbon atoms.

6. A soap preparation comprising a soap, an aromatic sulfonic acid contalning hydrocarbon residues of high Wetting power and an organic solvent.

7. A soap preparation comprising a soap, an aromatic sulfonic acid containing hydrocarbon residues of high wetting power and sulfite cellulose Waste liquor.

8. A soap preparation comprising a soap, an aromatic sulfonic acid containing hydrocarbon residues of high wetting power, an

organic solvent and sulfite cellulose Waste liquor.

In testimony whereof I we have hereunto set our hands. v

FRITZ GUNTHER. JOSEPH NUSSLEIN. 

